The following topical treatments can be used in combination to brighten this pigmentation both in the dermis and epidermis of the skin: Vitamin C Cosmelan Mesopeels Hydroquinone Tranexamic Acid Azelaic Acid Arbutin Tretinoin Kojic acid Glycolic acid peels Steroid creams Licorice extracts Niacinamide Lactic Acid Salicylic Acid Mandolin acid Retinoids SkinMedical Lytera Skin Brightening Complex Tri-Luma (Prescription of fluocinolone acetone 0.01%, Hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0.05%) Elure Advanced Brightening Night Cream and lotion (contains Ligninase) Coffeeberry Extracts of orchid, grape seed, Aloe vera , marine algae, or green tea Woman treated with Cosmelan 10 weeks Who is most susceptible to post-laser hyperpigmentation and PIH
Activated microglia and infiltrating immune cells release inflammatory cytokines
Bacteriostatic water contains 0.9% benzyl alcohol, which inhibits bacterial growth in the reconstituted solution extending its usable shelf life from days (with plain sterile water) to 2830 days under refrigeration
Ba DM, Ssentongo P, Beelman RB, Muscat J, Gao X, Richie JP